Telegraph-repeater.



W. FINN.

TELEGRAPH REPEATER.

APPLICATION FILED IAN-26.1915.

Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

INVENTOR WAwLwJ-E A TTORNEY WITNESSES COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co.,wAsH|No'roN, D. b.

' in snares \VILLIAlM FINN, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOE TO THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAII-I COMPANY, OF NEVI YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TELEGBAPH-REPEA'IER.

icense.

Application filed January 26, 1915. Serial No. 4,432.

To all whom it may concern.

.Be it"known that I, l/VILL'IAM FINN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Bloomfield, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph-Repeaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in telegraph repeaters.

In my application filed December 21, 1914, Serial No. 87 8, l03, the repeater herein described is illustrated as arranged for operation in one direction only. In the accompanying drawing I show the said repeater arranged for operation in both directions.

The repeater herein described is particularly intended for high speed operation; for example, for use in connection with auto? matic telegraph systems wherein current impulses succeed each other through the line at rates far in excess of those of hand transmission. However, the repeater herein described is adapted for use on low speed circuitsas well.

In high speed telegraph systems and other systems of electrical transmission and reception of signals, involving rapid current fluctuations, the speed of signaling is aifected, and to, some extent limited, by line conditions, such for example, as the mechanical and electrical inertia of the apparatus employed, also by'what is known as the KB factor of the line (K representing the distributed electrostatic capacity of the line, and R the ohmic resistance of the line, it having been proved by extensive experiments that the length of time required for a current to reach its maximum strength at the distant endof the'line varies directly as a product of the capacity K and the resistance R). These conditions prevent the recording of a signaling pulse at the receiving station until some appreciable time after that signaling pulse has started from the transmitting station.

Before a signaling impulse can actuate the ordinary main line magnetic signal receiving device, the main line current, and

the magnetism created thereby in the main line signaling device, must necessarily rise to a value such as is required to effect transfer of the armature of that signal receiving device from one to the other of its contact stops. If the time interval here involved can be reduced in any way through the medium of local appliances, materially higher speed of transmission becomes possible together with better signals.

Heretofore repeaters have always, in their operation, lagged slightly behind the operation of the corresponding transmitters. In the operation of the repeater herein described there is no such lag; the repeater begins to operate the instant the corresponding transmitter begins to operate, and in general the repeater will have completed its operation before the transmitter has completed the corresponding operation. Thereby the lagging effect of the former repeaters is entirely overcome. It is obvious that the avoidance of this lag very greatly quickens the operation of the circuits comprising repeaters.

In the repeater herein described the armature of each repeating relay is carried over very positively from one stop to the other once that armature has been started in motion; the completion of such movement of the armature from the one contact stop of the other being assured, even though the impulse which started such movement terminate before the conclusion of such movement. I

The movement of the armature is started, by local means, upon the diminution of the main line current which previously held that armature stationary against one or the otherof its stops, and thereby the armature is caused to anticipate, in its operation,

the arrival of the next succeeding line sig naling impulse. Thereby all lag in the operation of the repeater is avoided. I

' In a broad sense, the invention involved in this repeater is also involved in the relay described and claimed in my said application Serial No. 878,403, and therefore the invention claimed herein is necessarily limited to those features which distinguish the Patented Nov. 9,1915.

repeater herein illustrated and, described 7 from the relay claimed in my said -'com- 7 tion with reference to the accompanying leading from stations A and B to-the repeater station C. s 1

.7 and 7 designate, respectively, repeat-- panion application. 7

My invention consists in the combination ith incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating relay or relays comprising, in addition to the main circuit magnet coils,

opposingv magnetcoils located in a leak cir-- cuit derived from the. outgoing line, and

means for reversing the action of the opposing coils; also in such a combination, the additional element of accelerating co1ls; and 7 other features, all as herelnafter described larly on high speed-lines, to avoid the dis-- turbing. efiects of induction and other influencestend ng toproducerfalse signals, and to makeflthe apparatus very'simple indeed,

and easy of construction and operation, and" free from liabilityof derangement.

I Wlll now proceedto descr be my invendrawing Whichis a'diagram'showing a tele= graph circuit including my improved re-- peateizf V In the drawing A and B designate transmitting stations, and numerals 1F and l designate transmitting keys having icontact stops-2 and 3 ,2 and 3 respectirely, and current supply means 46 and 5, 4i" and 5 connected to stops 2 and 3, 2 and 3", re-.

spectively. The particularcurrent supply means indicated: are dynamo electric machines of opposlte polarities, though .as is Well understood other sources of current supply may be employed; the particular arrangement shown being a common arrange ment for. transmission by current impulses of alternately opposite direction. The keys l and 1 may be vibrated either by hand -or by any suitable means; andl'do not limit myself to any particular means for vibrating said keys in-accord'ance 'wlthtelegraphic or other signals. The keys may be,i

forexamp'le, the movable contact armsfof lVheatstone .transm1tters,or any other suitable type of automatic or machine transmitter. a V. c 1 V V w 6 and 6 designate the line conductors respectively ing relays, 7 being controlled by key-1 and arranged to transmit into line 6', 7 being controlled; by key 1" and arranged to trans- H1113 nto line 6 Each repeating relay is of" theinature of a polar relay having a polarized'armature, 7 or 7, playing between contact stops 8 and 9 or 8 and9 respec-:

tivelyl These armature levers may be understood to be magnetized levers, sim lar'to the magnetized armature levers employed in the so-called polar relays,fandthe rectan gles 10F and 10 may beunderstood torepresent, each, one "pole of a magnet energizing.

the adjacent armature lever. v The-two re peating relays are entirely similar, and r therefore the circuits of one only, will'be de- 7 scribed. On opposite sides of thelever 7 13 -13 each pair of magnet spools arlay actuate thearmatu're of such relay -While I haveshown the spools 11 12 and l3",;as separate spools, for clearness of arranged to influence the lever 7 just as, V

the magnet spools of an ordinary polar rediagrammatic illustration, it will be under} stood-thatzin practice'only one pairof spools may, and commonly Will, 'be employed, such spools'each having three different 'WHIClLHgS corresponding to thewindings 11 12 and 13, It is not uncommon, in polar relays, to,

a provide each spool with two ormore separate windings; but it is common for, clear' ness of illustration to indicate such separate windings in diagrammatic drawings, as if such separate windings were on different spools.

The coils 11 and 11 1' term main line coils the coils l2 and 12 1 term oppos- I ing coils; and the coils 13% and 13 I term The connections of accelerating coils. relays 7 and 7 to'the several circuits are similar, and therefore, in generalonly the connections 'of'relay 7 will be described. i

Line conductor 6 is connected to one'spool 11?, and thencelto the other spool 11,- and thence to artificial line (3; From-(between the connections of the line 6 and artificial line 6 to the main line coils 11 a branch conductor 6'" leads to the armature 7 of repeater relay Opposing coils 12 ii are located in a leak'circuitr or derived cin' 'cuit-SO leading from the corresponding con-f and through duotor 6 through coilslQ, the coils of a so-called leak relay 31 to ground; such circuit. 30? containing a resistance R and a condenser25 is'bridged across the terminals of resistance R n a circuit 32 passing through itacceleratingd coils 13 1T0 the contact stopsd and 9 of repeating'relay 7 are connected SOHICGSfOf current supply'33 and 34,having opposite if poles connected'to; said stops. The particu larfunction of the opposing windings or coils L2" is to develop a 'polarityjof magnetism that shall always be opposed to the magnetism created by the main line coils 11,

the magnetism created'by the opposing coils 12 not being so'strong, however, as that createdsby the Working current of the mainline 6 in coils 11% The particular function i of the accelerating coils 13 is,to'carry'the armature 7 'across the gap between stops 8 4 and 9 once the armature lever 7 has been set in motion as hereinafter described.

At the two stations A and B I have shown the usual receiving relays 35 and 35 and the usual sounders 36 and 36 Differentially wound relays35 and 35* are shown, the system shown being, therefore, adapted for simultaneous operation in both directions.

It will be apparent that with the trans mitting key 1 1n the position shown, and the current from generator et through that key and through main line coils '11 of repeater 7 holding the arrangement '7 of that repeater against stop 8, there Will be current from the positive pole of generator 33* through stop 8 and the armature 7 and line (S through the two spools 11 of repeater 7 in parallel, and thence through main line 6* and artificial line 6* to ground; which current, ofcourse, will not affect repeating relay 7", but will affect line relay 35 and sounder 36* at station 13; and from the line 6 there will'be a leak current through conductor 30 and opposing coils 12*, such leak current energizing the coils 12 to tend to move the armature 7*? to the right, thoughno such movement takes place While key 1 is in the position shown. But the instant that key l 'is moved to the right, breaking the current from generator P, the leak current from generator 33 through circuit 30 will start the armature '7 of instrument 7 to the right; and while the current in the leak circuit will immediately cease upon the starting of that movement of the armatures 7 condenser 25 will discharge through accelerating coils 13, so

carrying the armature 7 over to the right. This movement of the armature of the instrument '7 will probably be completed before key 1 has made contact with stop 8 and before the next signaling impulse in line 6* from generator 5 has been established. Upon the establishment of the next signaling impulse, -riz:that from generator 5, coils 11 will be energized, holding thearmature'of relay 7" to the right; and the current from generator 34 having already been established through stop 9, and armature 7 and line conductors 6, 6 and 6?, there will be a current through the leak circuit 30 and opposing coils 12 tending to move the armature of relay 7 to the left; such tendency, however, being weaker than the tendency of the main line coils 11 to hold the armature to the right. Condenser 25 will recharge and upon the beginning of the next movement of transmitter key 1 to the left, the opposing coils 12 will start the armature 7 toward the left, such armature being carried over againststop 8" by the discharge of condenser 25 through circuit 52 and accelerating coils 13 7 I It will thus be seen that the repeating relay 7 will repeat into line 6 the signals received from line 6 It Will also be apparent that the leak relay 31 will operate in accordance with the signals transmitted as described through conductor 6 and that this relay 31 may operate local signal receiving, or signal repeating, or translating, apparatus, or may itself be a sounder.

It will further be understood that the re lay 7" will repeat, in like manner, signals received from circuit 6 into circuit 6, Because, during their movements, the armatures '7 and 7 are under the influence of their respective accelerating coils during their movements, the relays 7 and 7 are practically free from disturbance due to inductive interference and the like. Because the armatures of these instruments start to move, correspondence with any movement of the corresponding transmitter, the instant that transmitter begins to move, lag in the operation of these instruments is en tirely avoided and thereby the defects are in large measure eliminated and the operation of the circuit is very greatly quickened. In practical applications of these in struments to automatic Wheatstone circuits,

the speed of these circuits has been increased bymore than 100% of what was attainable under the ordinary method of working. These instruments are highly sensitive to weak signaling impulses, and are also rela tively insensitive to extraneous disturbing influences, and, therefore, can be operated successfully over longer lines than former instruments for the same service, and can be operated at higher than the usual rates of speed.

What I claim is 1. In a telegraph repeater, the combination with incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating relay comprising a movable armature, main-circuit electro magnetic means connected to the incoming circuit and controlling said armature, other opposing electro-magnetic means, normally opposin as to such armature, but exerting an influence weaker than, the influence of said main- 1 circuit electro-magnetic means, upon said,

armature, said opposing electro magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing line, and automatic means for reversing the action of such opposing means upon the armature upon the completion of movement of the armature in either direction. i

2. In a telegraph repeater, the combination with incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating relay comprising a movable armature, main-circuit electro-magnetic means connected tothe incoming circuit and controlling said armature, other opposing electro-magnetic means, normally opposing, as to such armature, but exerting an influence weaker than, the influence of said main-circuit electro-magnetic means, upon said armameans connected to the incoming circuit and p ture, said opposing electro-magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing line, lneans for terminating the influence of such opposing means upon the beginning o'f movement of the armature, and acceleratingmeans arranged to mfluence the armature in'the same sense in which that armature was previously influenced such 1 opposing means and arranged to begin to influence such armature when the opposing means ceases to influence such armature.

- 3. In a telegraph repeater, the combinationwith incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating'relay comprising a movable armature, main circuit electro magnetic controlling said armature, other opposing electro-magnet c means, normally opposing,

as to such armature butexerting an influence weaker than, the influence of said maincircuit electro-magnetic means, upon said armature, said opposing electro-magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing line, automatic means for re 'versing-the action of such opposing means 7 upon the armature upon the completion ofmovement of the armature in 1 either direc tion, and accelerating means arranged to in fluence the armature in the'same sense in which that armature was previously "influ enced by such'opposing means andarranged to begin to influence such armature when the armature begins to move.

' ence weaker than,the influence of said maincircuit electro-magnetic means,'upon said armature, said opposing 'electro magneticj meanslocated in a leak circuit derived from the outgolngline, automatic meansfor reversing the action of such opposingmeans 7 upon thearmatureupon the "completion of movement of the armature in eitherdirection, said circuit including resistance, and j accelerating means' a'rranged when the arma' turebegins to move, to influence said arniature to carry it across to the opposite side, such accelerating means'coinprising electromagnetic' means, and a circuit therefor, in-

sistance in said Ieakcircuit;

5.. In a telegraph repeater, the combina- .cludingcapacity and bridged across the retion with two main and corresponding ar tificial lines, of two polar repeating-relays eachcorresponding-to one of thesaidinain lines and arranged'to repeat into the other;

of said main lines, and each comprising a movable armature, maln'clrcult e1'ectro-ma-g'- netic means connected to the corresponding main line and controlling sa1d armature,

other opposing electro-magnetic means, nor-' mally opposing, as to such armature, but exerting an influence Weaker than, the nfiuence of said main-circuit electro-magnet electro-magnetic means of'each said relay located in a leak circu t derlved from what 15,

as to that relay, the outgoing line, and auto- 7' inatic means forreversing theaction of such 'means, upon such armature, said opposingj opposing means upon-the armature-"upon the completion of movement of the armature in either 'directlon. i

6. Ina telegraph repeater, the combination with two main and corresponding artificial'lines, of two polar repeating-relays 7 each corresponding to one of said main lines and arran ed to re eat into the-other of I i said main lines, and each comprisingamov-i able armature, main circuit electro-magnetic U means connected to the corresponding main lineand controlling sa1d armature, other opposing electro ma'gn'etic'means, normally opposing, as to such armature, but exerting V '90 said main-circuitfelectrdmagnetmeans,i upon such armature, said opposing electro-- magnetic-means of each said relay-located an influence Weaker than, the influence of in a leak circuit'derived fromwhat is, as to; i

that relay, the'outgoingline, and automatic; means for reverslng the action of such'opposing means upon-the armature upon the completion of movementof the armature in eitherdirection, the leakcii'ciiit of each suchrelay ncluding resistance, and each such re laycomprising, further, accelerating means 1 arrangedto influence the armature ginv the same sense in which it was prevlouslyin fluenced by the opposing means'ofthat relay and arranged to begin such influence] when such armature begins to move.

7.; In a telegraph repeater, the combin af tionw1thtwo main and corresponding ar til'icldl' lines, of two, polar repeating-relays each'corresponding to one'of said main lines and arranged to each repeat into the 'otherc of said main lines, and each comprising 'af movable armature, main circuit electro-magnetic means'connected to the corresponding main line and controlling said armature,

otheropposingelectro-magnetic means, normally opposing, as to such armature, but

exerting an influence weaker than," the in fluen'c'e of said main-circuit electro-magnet means, upon such armature, said opposing electro-magnetic means of eachsaid relay located in a leak circuit derived from what 7 is, as to' that relay, the outgoing line, and automatic meansyfor' reversing the action of; such opposing means upon the armature: upon thecompletionof movement of'theK V armaturein either direction, the leak circuit of each such relayincludingresistance, and

each such relay comprising, further, acceler- In testimony whereof I have signed this atlng means arranged to lnfluence the arspecification 1n the presence of tWo submature in the same sense in Wh1ch 1t Was SCIlblIlQ wltnesses.

previously influenced by the opposing means WILLIAM FINN. of that relay, and comprising capacity Witnesses:

bridged across the said resistance or" the H. M. MARBLE,

leak circuit. PAUL H.'FRANK1 1.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

Disclaimer in Letters Patent No. 1,160,097

DISCLAIMER.

1,160,097 William Finn, Bloomfield, N. J. TELEGRAPH-REPEATER. Patent dated November 9, 1915. Disclaimer filed October 19, 1916, by The Western Union Telegraph Oompany, assignee.

Enters this disclaimer- (As to claims 1, 2, and 3 in said specification, which are'in the following words, to wit:

1. In a telegraph repeater, the combination with incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating relay comprising a movable armature, main-circuit electromagnetic means connected to the incoming circuit and controlling said armature, other opposing electro-magnetic means, normally opposing, as to such armature, but exerting an influence Weaker than, the influence of said main-circuit electromagnetic means, upon said armature, said opposing electro-magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing line, and automatic means for reversing the action of such opposing means upon the armature upon the completion of movement of the armature in either direction.

2. In a telegraph re eater, the combination with incoming and outgoing lines, of a polar repeating re ay comprising a movable armature, main-circuit electromagnetic means connected to the incoming circuit and controlling said armature, other opposing electro-magnetic means, normally opposing, as to such armature, but exerting an influence Weaker than, the influence of said main-circuit electromagnetic means, upon said armature, said 0 posing electro-magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing ine, means for terminating the influence of such opposing means, upon the beginning of movement of the armature, and accelerating means arranged to influence the armature in the same sense in which that armature was previously influenced by such opposing means and arranged to begin to influence such armature when the opposing means ceases to influence such armature.

. 3. In a telegraph repeater, the combination with incoming and outgoin lines, of a polar repeating relay comprising a movable armature, main-circuit e ectromagnetic means connected to the incoming circuit and controllingsaid armature, other opposing electro-magnetic means, normally opposing, as to such armature,

, but exerting an influence weaker than, the influence of sa1d main-circuit electromagnetic means, upon said armature, said 0 posing electro-magnetic means located in a leak circuit derived from the outgoing ine, automatic means for reversing the action of such opposing means upon the armature upon the completion of movement of the armature in either direction, and accelerating means arranged to influence the armature in the same sense in which that armature was previously influenced by such opposing means and arranged to begin to influence such armature when the armature begins to move.

0 7M212 Gazette, October 24, 1916.] 

